1809-1865 (American Civil War Era)

1908–1970 (mid-20th century humanistic psychology)

19th century

18th Century (1723-1790)

8th century CE

Ancient Egypt, 18th Dynasty (c. 1353–1336 BCE)

20th century

Medieval Islamic (1058–1111 CE)

1912–1954

Mid-20th Century (1940s-1970s)

Mid-20th Century (1940s-1960s)

1879-1955

Early-to-Mid 20th Century (1875-1965)

356–323 BCE (Hellenistic)

20th century

19th–early 20th century

1936-2016, peak influence 1980s-2000s

Classical Athens (c. 446–386 BCE)

Ancient Greece (384–322 BCE)

1947–present

19th century (1788-1860)

Mid-to-late 20th century (1950s–1990s)

Late Antiquity (354-430 CE)

Islamic Golden Age (c. 980–1037 CE)

20th Century (1905-1982)

Mid-20th Century (1904-1990)

17th Century (1632-1677)

20th century

1872–1970 (Late Victorian through mid-20th century)

1975–Present

17th century (1623-1662)

1934–2022 (mid-20th–early-21st century popularizer of New Thought metaphysics)

1940-1973

c. 563–483 BCE (traditional dates); 5th–4th century BCE

Contemporary (2000s–present)

1875–1961, early-to-mid 20th century

1902–1987 (20th century humanistic psychology)

1934–1996

1888–1985 (Weimar, Nazi, post-war West Germany)

19th Century (1809-1882)

1924-2023, American business philosophy and practical wisdom

1928–1967 (mid-20th century)

1949-2011 (Late 20th/Early 21st Century)

20th Century

551–479 BCE (Spring and Autumn Period)

Early-to-mid 20th century (1888–1955)

1934–2024 (Late 20th–Early 21st Century)

1947–2016

Contemporary (1990s–present)

Contemporary (1975–present)

18th Century Enlightenment (1711-1776)

Ancient Greece (c. 412–323 BCE)

1970s-2001

Contemporary (1990s–present)

18th century

20th Century

Contemporary (1971-present)

19th–20th century (1858–1917)

Late 19th – Early 20th Century (1882–1935)

1st-2nd century CE (c. 50-135 CE)

Renaissance (c. 1466–1536)

20th century

Late 20th century (1936-2021)

19th century

Late Renaissance / Early Modern (1561-1626)

Renaissance (c. 1494-1553)

1930s-1940s American Progressivism

19th Century

1907–1954

20th Century (1899-1992)

1844-1900

Late 18th - Early 19th century (1759-1805)

Late Renaissance / Early Modern (1564–1642)

Early 19th Century (1770-1831)

1937-2008

1885-1945

1930–present

Contemporary (1947–present)

1980s Reagan-era American capitalism

20th century (1906-1975)

20th century

Early 20th Century (1900–1945)

1877-1962 (German-Swiss novelist and poet, Nobel Prize 1946)

12th century (1098-1179)

Classical Greece (c. 460–370 BCE)

14th Century CE

16th century (1491-1556)

19th Century

18th century Enlightenment (1724-1804)

17th-18th Century (1642-1727)

20th–21st century

1990s–2020s (Chinese Tech Boom)

19th century

20th-century / early 21st-century

Contemporary (1937–present)

Contemporary (1970s–present)

20th Century

18th Century Enlightenment

1905–1980 (20th century)

1994–present

1877-1940

20th Century

1st century CE (c. 4 BCE – c. 30 CE)

Ancient Near East (c. 6th-4th century BCE)

Contemporary (1971–present)

1749-1832 (Late Enlightenment/Early Romanticism)

17th Century (1632-1704)

1883-1946

20th Century

1667–1745 (late Stuart / early Georgian England & Ireland)

Contemporary (1990s–present)

1883-1950 (Late Austrian School, Early-Mid 20th Century Economics)

Ancient Rome, 100–44 BCE

1929–present (late 20th–early 21st century)

19th century (1818-1883)

10th century BCE (traditional dating)

20th century

1922–2007, primarily active 1960s–1990s

6th–5th century BCE (traditional attribution)

20th–21st century

Italian Renaissance (1452-1519)

19th Century

Early-to-Mid 20th Century (1889–1951)

1869–1948 (Late Colonial / Early 20th Century)

1925–1965

1893-1976 (Revolutionary/Communist Era)

Roman Imperial (121–180 CE)

106–43 BCE (Late Roman Republic)

20th Century

1870–1952

Late 19th–Early 20th Century

1835-1910

Early Modern (1483-1546)

1950s–1960s

Late 19th – Early 20th Century (1868–1933)

Late 19th – Early 20th Century

Late Medieval (c. 1260-1328)

Classical Chinese (4th century BCE)

19th century

1980s–2000s (playing career); 2000s–present (business/ownership)

20th century

Renaissance (1533-1592)

1926–1984 (Post-War French Structuralism / Poststructuralism)

1912–2006 (20th-century economist)

17th century Japan (c. 1584–1645)

c. 13th century BCE (traditional/narrative dating)

1910–1997

c. 150–250 CE

1769-1821 (French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Era)

Early-to-mid 20th century (1883–1970)

Contemporary (1960–present)

Contemporary (2000s–present)

Late 20th century (1918-2013)

Italian Renaissance (1469-1527)

Renaissance (1473-1543)

Early-to-Mid 20th Century (1910s-1960s)

1856–1943 (Late 19th–Early 20th Century)

1928–present (20th–21st century)

Late Victorian (1854-1900)

19th Century

Contemporary (1964-present)

Mid-to-Late 20th Century (1940s-2000s)

19th–20th century

1998–present

Classical Athens (427-347 BCE)

19th century (1803-1882)

Contemporary (1949–present)

20th Century

17th century (1596-1650)

1918-1988 (mid-20th century physics)

1980s–Present

Contemporary (1959–present)

1970s American Cinema

1913–2005 (American Civil Rights Era)

20th century (1920–1958)

1861-1925

13th century (1207-1273)

1904–1989

2010s–2020s

Roman Imperial (c. 4 BCE – 65 CE)

Late 19th–Early 20th Century

20th century (1908-1986)

Contemporary (1949–present)

Classical Athens (469–399 BCE)

20th century

19th Century (1813-1855)

1942–2018

1955–2011 (peak influence 1997–2011)

Ancient China (6th-5th century BCE, traditionally; exact dates disputed)

Late 19th – Early 20th Century (1866–1925)

20th century

20th century

Late 19th–Early 20th Century (1847–1931)

Medieval (1225-1274)

18th–early 19th century (1743–1826)

1990s–2020s

Contemporary (2000s–present)

Contemporary (1960–present)

20th century (1905-1997)

Mid-20th Century (1913-1970)

Enlightenment (1694-1778)

Late 19th – Mid 20th Century

20th century

1901–1966 (20th-century American entertainment pioneer)

20th century (1891–1967)

1930–present

1874–1965 (Victorian to Cold War)

Contemporary (1976–present)

4th century BCE